Sand and gravel surface mining left this site sterile and eroding.

Regrading was necessary to create an area where re-forestation could occur.

In successive plantings, the sterile soil was supplemented
with entrenched biosolids and hybrid yellow poplars were planted.
Here one-year old, three-year old, and seven-year old trees have
established a habitat that is sustainable and renewable.

Instrumentation is installed beneath the entrenched
biosolids to monitor water quality.

Poultry litter is typically staged adjacent to a field
in which it will be applied, prior to spreading. These
experimental piles (10Mg or 13 tons) were established and
instrumented for both surface and aubsurface pollution monitoring.
Rainfall simulation equipment was superimposed on the setup.

Subsurface samplers were installed two feet below the surface...

and lines were run back to a common collection point off of the plot.

Stockpiles were tested both covered with tarps and not covered.
Graduate students are installing surface water collection instrumentation.

Runoff from rainfall simulation was measured and sampled
every 10 minutes until runoff had occured for one hour.

Measuring crust depth (11") one week after rainfall simulation.